Recent Progress in Materials Exploration for Thermocatalytic, Photocatalytic, and Integrated Photothermocatalytic CO ₂ ‐to‐Fuel Conversion

The excess depletion of carbon-rich fossil fuels and agroforest biomass resources has aggravated the energy crisis environmental pollution, causing increased CO2 emissions. Accordingly, goal “peak emissions carbon neutrality” is proposed to alleviate global warming. CO2-to-fuel conversion considered as a preferable move for reducing atmospheric concentration further upgrading chemical feedstocks. However, highly efficient remains challenging due thermodynamic limits kinetic barriers, which require high input through conventional thermocatalysis. Inspired by “artificial photosynthesis,” photocatalytic transformation received tremendous attention makes remarkable progress over past decades, although it still far from practical application. Recently, integrated photothermocatalysis emerged an intelligent strategy utilize solar induce local heating energetic hot carriers, synergistically promote conversion. key success upgradation catalysts’ development with improved activity, selectivity, stability. This review highlights recent advancements in materials designing thermocatalysis, photocatalysis, during five years, emphasizing reaction pathways mechanism on CO bond activation intermediates formation. Finally, current challenges future opportunities are described.